Third Term CCA Lesson Note for Primary 2 – Lesson Notes
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Introduction
Art is an important part of the young learners development. In school, drawing and colouring are part of Arts. Drawing is done with solid colouring objects such as pencils, crayons, charcoal, and so on.
Drawing Basic Shapes in Functional Artworks
Drawing generally involves making marks on a surface. This is done by applying pressure on a tool across a surface. The common tools used are pencils, pens, ink, colour pencils, crayons, charcoals.
The main techniques for drawing are:
i. line drawing
ii. scribbling
iii. blending
iv. shading
Drawing basic shapes such as circles, squares, rectangles and triangles can help make sketches for paintings, sculptures and other types of arts.
Drawing and Colouring Functional Artworks
Functional arts are those works of art that serve our immediate needs. They are not just for beauty purposes but are useful in our homes.
Some functional art objects are:
Hand fan
Chair
Woven basket
Flower vases
Woven hat
Ornamental window
Craft making is a special skill used in making things. It involves using
the hand to produce useful objects such as greeting cards, dolls, table
mats, floor mats, decorations in the home. The materials found in the
house that can be used include, eggs, cartons, cardboards, paints, paper,
strings, glue, etc.
Floor mat Greeting cards
A. Designing Patterns for Paper Decoration
Paper is an important material for arts. It is used to express
creativity. Paper comes in different forms and shapes. When
patterned, it comes out in beautiful and colourful decorations.
Designing patterns on paper may involve:
1.. cutting I.V. folding
.. 11. gluing v. sticking
111. layering
Pupils cutting paper patterns Teacher gluing and sticking paper
patterns
B. Making Paper Craft Decoration
The use of paper craft for decoration results in producing beautiful
artworks.
We can use basic shapes and objects around us to produce items
like car, boat or ship. Such objects are match boxes, egg shells,
buttons, pieces of beads and empty tubes of toothpaste.
Paper craft decoration
Example 1
Making shapes with paper
To make basic shapes, you can make the design on flat paper or
cardboards and then either fold them to the shapes you want or cut
them into different shapes and sizes and join them together with gum.
Basic shapes with paper
Example 2
Making some functional items or artworks
When making a paper ship, cut and join cardboard paper to make
the base of the ship. Packets of used match boxes can be used to
make the top of the ship and the cabin. While cardboards made into
conical shapes can be used to make the chimney of the ship.
Functional artworks (paper boat)
—-_.
Example 3
Making different decorative objects
In making a paper animal with four (4) legs, you will need the
following:
• hard paper tube that tissue
paper is rolled around (this
will serve as the body)
• an egg for the head (note
however that the egg shell is
empty)
• two condemned buttons to
serve as the eyes; and
• five (5) slim tubes of small Paper animal
toothpaste which will serve
as the four legs and a tail.
,/
/.- /
Pattern is the arrangement of
<, lines, colours and shapes to make
designs on surfaces. The surfaces
may be paper, leather, metals or
even textiles.
Embroidery pattern
Motifs are designs or patterns used on surfaces for decoration.
Examples of motifs are wall paper with flower motifs, a carpet or
rug with different patterns.
—-
Rug
—-
A. Identification of leaves with prominent veins
To achieve good motifs, leaves can be used to pattern or design
the surface used for decoration. There are several leaves with
prominent veins that can be used. Below are some examples:
Leaves with prominent veins
If you take a close look at the leaves, you will notice that they
contain veins that can be used for designs. Their surfaces are
smooth while their back are rough with the veins jotting out of
the surface.
. Pattern making: using a leaf with veins
Making patterns using a leaf with veins can be very interesting
because it gives you the opportunity to immediately see the result
of your exercise.
C. Demonstration
• Select any leaf of your choice. It could be either mango leaf,
bitter leaf, pumpkin leaf or guava leaf.
• Rub colour on the rough side of the leaf and paste it on your
drawing sheet.
• You will notice that the colour will appear on the drawing paper.
• You can repeat this many times or combine many shapes of leaves
together to get variety of shapes.
• You can also change colours as you change shapes of leaves.
• At the end, you will get a decorated wall paper.
Below is a diagram of the above demonstration.
Making pattern with a leaf
—- –
1. Mention the four main techniques for drawing.
1.
11.
111.
tv.
2. List the five methods used for designing patterns on paper.
1.
11.
111.
tv.
v.
3. Make two different shapes with paper.
4. How can you identify leaves that are good for patterns or designs?
5. Make patterns with different leaves on a cardboard.
Local songs are also known as folk songs. They are songs that show
people’s history and their ways of life. These songs have passed
through several generations. Overtime, the names of those who
composed these songs have been forgotten.
Children dancing Pupils singing
A. Introduction to Folk Music of a Locality
Folk music is a term for musical folklore. It is music passed
down by word of mouth from generation to generation. Folk music
is used to teach the norms and history of a people.
Folk music has different characteristics depending on the locality or
community it comes from. The characteristics are:
1. Folk music is passed down from one generation to another
through word of mouth.
2. Songs are memorised by children and youths. Unlike today where
we have songbooks and CDs (Compact Disks).
3. Folk songs pass across messages that are significant.
4. Folk songs are always about a particular history, event and culture
of a community. It could also be about folk heroes and religious
festivals.
5. Some folk songs could be lullabies songs sung to little children
to make them sleep or stop crying.
6. Folk songs are also meant for sports and labour.
7. They are used for celebrationssuch as marriage,naming ceremonies,
new yam festivals and so on.
Children playing native games Children listening to stories
Different ethnic groups use different kinds of instruments while singing
folk songs in Nigeria. The most important instruments are:
i. Drums
The drums especially the
talking drum.
ii. Pots
Pot drums (they are shaped
in a dumb bell form with an
opening at the top).
iii. Flutes
Other instruments include
un-pitched raft zithers
(made from corn stalks);
flutes made out of pawpaw
stem. African musical instruments
iv. Cans
Some children use cans when drums can’t be found.
B. Popular Songs and Lyrics
Yoruba
Folk Tale Song
Oni ka lu ku nje ie ewur(!,
ewur(!, ewure
Oni ka luku nje j(! aguntan,
aguntan bQ1QjQ,
Olurombi nje ie QmQre
QmQre apon be epo
Olurombi 0, joyin joyin
Iroko, joyn joyin
Everyone pledges goat,
goat, goat
Everyone pledges sheep,
sheep in abundance,
Olurombi pledges her only
daughter,
A fair and beautiful daughter
Olurombi 0,joyin joyin
Iroko, joyn joyin
Igbo Game Song
Okereke, Okereke,
Du du du ya, ya,
Okor’ afo, Okor’ afo,
. Du du du ya, ya,
Kwenu oga na aga,
Oga na aga Ngwo.
Oga na aga.
Oga na aga Ngwo.
Okereke, Okereke, (name)
Du du du ya, ya,
Okorafo, Okorafo, (name)
Du du du ya, ya,
Sing, it is moving,
It is moving to Ngwo (a town).
It is moving.
It is moving to Ngwo (a town).
Hausa
All Girls Game Song
Aya ya le,
In do so ma la,
‘Ya ya Ie,
In do so ma la,
Me du ka ma za,
In do so ma la,
Sai ndu sa mata,
In do so ma la,
‘Gidan babanta,
In do so ma la,
‘Ya ya ma su,
In do so ma la,
‘Ya ya ma su,
In do so ma la,
‘Ya ya ma su,
In do so ma la.
Aya ya le,
In do so ma la,
‘Ya ya ie,
In do so ma la,
A girl who beats up men,
In do so ma la,
Must be punished,
In do so ma la,
In her father’s house,
In do so ma la,
Be nice and peaceful,
In do so ma la,
Nice and peaceful,
In do so ma la,
Nice and peaceful,
In do so ma la.
Dance is the movement of the body usually with the sound of music.
Not every movement of the human body is dance. In dance, the movement
of the human body must have rhythm.
Cultural dancers
Local Dances
Dance in our local community is part of our culture. It is the way of life
of our people. During festivals, people sing and dance as they play
musical instruments such as drums, gongs and flutes.
People dancing cultural dance
The various reasons people dance include:
• to express happiness;
• communicate information through gestures and rhythms;
• to express the beauty of the culture (way of life and beliefs) of a
community;
• to identify with important occasions in the community such as
birth, harvest and thanksgiving;
– . • to engage in some competition for prizes.
A. Dance Formation
Nigerian dance steps are always beautiful to watch. The dance
steps follow the rhythm of some music being played.
Members that make up a dance group usually belong to the same
age grade, profession, social clubs, family and religious societies.
Types of Dance Formations
Africa and indeed Nigeria, has four dance formations.
a. Dance teams using floor pattern,
b. Dance teams with free flow pattern,
c. Dance teams with individuals displaying their skills,
d. Solo dance pattern where an individual dancer may be a king,
masquerade, herbalist or comic entertainer. He is always supported
by a group.
• African dancers usually
perform as a team. The
members all gather together
in a closed circle, while the
dancers face the centre.
• The team members can also
dance in a line following a
circular path where the
. musicians stay. Cultural dancers in a circle
Sometimes, the team of dancers, dance along the circle line in a
counter clockwise direction.
B. Dance Steps in a specified Local Dance
In each community or village there are different dance forms.
Dance steps consists of three postures.
i. The upright posture with a
straight back. Most often,
chiefs, chief priests and
masquerades use this dancing
posture.
Women dancing from the hips
111. Some dancers also perform
with the upper part of their
body parallel to the ground.
Masquerades in upright dancing position
ii. Another dance posture is the
one where the dancer moves
forward from the hips towards
the ground.
Children dancing parallel to the ground
C. Types of Dance in our Locality .
Dance in our locality has always been part of our culture and is
mostly traditional. It is performed for different occasions such as
marriages, naming ceremonies, burial ceremonies, chieftaincy title
ceremonies and traditional festivals.
Chieftaincy title ceremonies
Some dances in our locality are:
1. Bata dance
2. Atilogwu dance
3. Ekombi dance
4.. Jarawa dance
5. Sharo dance
/ 6. .Swange dance
D. Some Nigerian Dance Styles .
1.
Bata dance is performed by the Yoruba people of South Western
Nigeria. Bata dance is traditionally a musical expression for Sango,
the Yoruba deity of thunder and lightning. This explains the quick,
exciting movements of the dancers.
Bata dancers
Demonstration
. The bata dancer, dances to the rhythm of the music by changing to
the dance steps that suit the rhythm playing. The lead drummer, moves
from one dancer to another, beating the talking drums to praise him
or her and urging him or her to display more excellent acrobatics.
The dancer in turn performs a variety of skilful foot patterns which
may lead to turns, kicks or small, neat jumps. Men hold their flowing
robes and women hold their wrappers as they continuously dance to
the beat of the drum. The fast and sudden shoulder and body movements
shows the characteristics of “Sango”. Bata dance is connected to this
deity and plays an important part in the ritual process of worship.
Bata dance is performed by both men and women. The costumes
used for the dance are the traditional Yoruba Iro and Buba. Bata
music is supplied by the Yoruba dundun drums group of musicians.
2.
This is a popular dance of the Igbos from the south eastern Nigeria.
The dance is unique, colourful and a delight to watch. It features
difficult and attractive body movements performed by its dancers.
Atilogwu dancers
—— —– —–
Demonstration
1. Atilogwu dance steps is characterised by jumps, acrobatic
displays and waist movements.
2. It has at least ten different dance steps. Each of these steps has
its own rhythm that dictates its own movement pattern.
The very colourful costumes and headgears worn by the performers
add to the beauty of the dance. An Atilogwu dance group has different
age grades ranging from children to teenagers. They appear at different
times on stage to perform their various dance movements. It is common
among the Igbos of Enugu and Anambra States.
The costumes are made from several colours of fabric into short skirts.
The different colours of the costumes add to the magical feel of the
dance. The short skirts enable the dancers move freely. The major
instrument in the Atilogwu dance is a long conical iron gong.
Conical iron gong
— —–
3. ~.! -,’–:’- – —, ~. ) ,Co:,
This gentle and graceful traditional dance comes from the Efik people
of Cross Rivers and Akwa lbom states in Nigeria. It is performed by
young men and women.
Ekombi dancers
Demonstration
Ekombi dance is performed with songs in Efik language. It is a gentle
movement of the body and hands like the waves of the sea. The
costumes are usually colourful with lots of beads and woven accessories
made from wool.
4.
This dance belongs to the people of Jarawa ethnic group in Plateau
state of Nigeria. It is performed by strong young men during ceremonies
and festivities. They perform the dance movements alongside providing
the music for the dance. Local flutes produced in the area are important
instruments used for Jarawa music.
Jarawa Dance
Demonstration
The Jarawa dance is special and quite enjoyable to watch. Tunes of
. the songs are played with the flutes to produce a full musical
performance. More of flutes than drums are used as musical
instruments. Everyone who plays the flute also takes part in the dance
.movements, The main pattern of the dance is circular and formative.
This helps the flow of the music. When the music gets fast, the flutist
dancers respond with fast up and down movements of the legs.
5.
Sharo dance is a popular Fulani dance, performed by people from the
northern part of Nigeria. It shows the rich culture of the Fulanis
especially in marriage. During the Sharo dance, some men would show
interest in marrying a particular girL The men would be asked to dance
and the elderly men would flog them. Whoever survives the flogging,
marries the girL
Sharo dancers
Demonstration
The men in Sharo dance wear the traditional Fulani colourful gowns,
while the women wear the female outfits and carry colourfully painted
calabashes called ‘Koria’. The dance is very interesting to watch as it
shows a mock display of the Fulani dating and wooing game.
6.
Swange dance is the dance of the Tiv speaking people of Benue state.
Swange is said to have started as a social dance in halls in Makurdi.
It has however become the most popular dance in Tiv.
Demonstration
The animal-like dance movements are gentle with music rich in
beautiful lyrics (words of songs). The local songs are sometimes
substituted with the trumpet, which plays throughout the dance. The
dancers wear the Tiv native woven cloth called ‘Anger’. This helps to
put a stamp on the dance as an exclusive preserve of the Tiv people .
.-
Swange dancers
Music is an Art that uses sound and it follows a pattern. Melodic
patterns are always very important to guide both the listener and the
person singing so as to make beautiful tunes.
A. Melodic Pattern of a Music
Melody is also known as singing of musical tunes. It consists of
one or more musical phrases and it is always repetitive. Melodic
patterns are rhythmic repetition of notes that can be used with
any scale. Scales are the backbone of music.
TWINKLE, TWINKLE LITTLE STAR
, d:d:s :s 11:1 :S:-If :f:m:m Ir :r:d:- I
2 J J U U IJ J J I j j J; I J J J I
Twln-kle, twin – kle tit – Ie star, bow 1 won-der what you are.
~ s:s:f:f Im:m :r:-Is:s :f :f t rn :m:r:-I
; ; j j I ; U J I;; j j I; U J I
Up 8 – hove the world so high, Like a dia-mond in tbe sky,
9 d :d:s :s 11:1 :s:-If:f i rn t m j r :r :d:- II
, J J J ; I J J J I J J J J I J J J ,II
Twio-kle, twia – Ide lit – tJe star, how J won-der what you are.
Twin-kle, twin-kle lit-tle star,
. How I won-der what you are.
Up a-bove the world so high,
Like a dia-mond in the sky,
Twin-kle, twin-kle lit-tle star,
How I won-der what you are.
English
B. Styles of Making Melody
• Start your song with a title that appeals to you. Action
words, images or short phrases make good titles.
• Make a list of words, phrases or images suggested by the
title.
• The lyrics (words in songs) in the melody should give
listeners information about day to day situations and
emotions.
• Chorus always repeats itself in melody several times.
C. Singing in Tonic Solfa
BINGO
, . s, I d . d : d . 5, I I, . I, : s, . s, I d . d : r . rim : d
“i;IO FjIJJnlOJJIJ J I
A r•ree-er had. lit – t~ dOl aDd 8la· CO was in name, Oh!
~.:”!.. If .t ,« .Jr.:r ·Im.m:m .Id. :d, I
~ ~ it!’ J!, IU~, IJ I, J ‘ I D ;” IJ” “, I
B-1 – N- G-O! B-1 _ N_G_O! 8 _ I _
j r . r : r .d It, ._,:1, . t, I d : d. II
~F n J J I J J J J I J OJ! “
N – G – O! ADd 81a-IO was ks .amt, oar
Afarm-er had a little dog,
and Bingo was its name, Oh!
B-/-N-G-O! B-/-N-G-O! B-/-N-G-O!
and Bin-go was its name, Oh!
,/
J
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