First Term Agric Lessons for Primary 5
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PRY 5 IST TERM AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
SCHEME OF WORK
FIRST TERM
WEEK TOPICS
1. Revision of difficult topics in primary four
2. Soil formation
3. Agents of soil formation
4. Processes of soil formation
5. Classification of crops and their uses
Classification according to forms
6. Classification according to life span
7. Classification according to uses and types
. 8. Classify the following crops according to their form uses and life span.
9. Classification of Animals (Live stock)
10. Classifications based on mode of feeling
11. Classification based on where they live
12. Classification based on their uses
13. Revision of the year’s work
WEEK 2&3
TOPIC: SOIL FORMATION
BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, pupils should be
able to:
1. Describe how the action of wind helps in soil formation.
2. Describe each of these activities.
3. Name four activities of man that help in soil formation.
4. Name six agents of soil formation.
Instructional Materials:
A chart showing all farm tools
Reference Materials
Lagos state scheme of work,
Online information
Relevant materials
Pupils textbook
Behavioral Objectives: pupils are familiar with the topic in their previous
classes.
CONTENT
MEANING OF SOIL FORMATION
Soil formation
Soil is basically formed from rocks through a process called weathering.
Weathering is the breaking down of rocks by such agents as water and wind
to form soil.
Agents of Soil Formation
Rain
The rock particles, which are dark in color, mix with organic matter to form
humus. This type of soil is very fertile and is good for growing crops. Rain also
falls on dead plants and animals, and helps in their decay to form soil.
Rain is water that falls in drops from (rain-making) clouds in the sky. When
rain falls on mountains and hills, it washes downhill the broken rock particles,
which help to form soil at their bases. It also breaks them down into rock
particles.
Rainfall causes leaching, which dissolves minerals such as carbonates in the
soil. The rain then washes them deeper into the soil. Other things that affect
soil formation include parent material, living organisms, topography and
time.
Rain effects:
● Increased moisture means more plant growth.
● Rainwater washes materials off slopes.
● Rain dissolves minerals and leaches them deeper into the soil
Temperature
When the atmosphere is hot, hills and rocks expand. When the atmosphere is
cold, hills and rocks shrink or contract. Those changes create cracks on the
surface of hills, rocks and mountains. In the process, small particles fall from
the surfaces of the hills, rocks and mountains to form soil.
Temperature is the measure of how hot or cold the atmosphere is at a
particular time of the day or night.
Rocks expand and contract as they heat up or cool, breaking them apart.
Temperature controls the rates of chemical weathering (when water interacts
with minerals in the rocks to create chemical reactions). Chemical weathering
happens much faster in warm places.
Warmer temperatures may also mean more plant growth, soil organisms and
litter decomposition.
Wind
Wind blows on surfaces of hills and mountains. The force of the wind makes
particles fall off the hills and mountains to form soil elsewhere
The wind is also able to move surprisingly large quantities of soil. On
occasions fine soil deposits can be seen which have been blown all the way
from North African deserts.
Man
Man can also aid in formation. This happens when we break parent rocks
which will in time form soils
Man breaks up rocks with pickaxes or hammers. The small pieces of the rocks
collect to form soil. Man also uses heavy machines to crack rocks into small
pieces which form soil.
Animals and Plants
These animals may carry some dead leaves and grasses into the holes as
beddings. When rain falls on them, these dead materials decay to form soil.
Some animals dig holes in the ground and live there. When animals dig holes
in the ground, they cause physical damage to rocks to form soil. Examples of
such animals are the rat, cricket and the earthworm.
Living things influence soil formation in many ways. Plants, microorganisms,
animals and even humans can make a difference. Once a plant community
becomes established, it has a big effect on soil development. Tree roots
penetrate deeply into soils, bringing up minerals and incorporating them into
organic matter. Grasses penetrate less deeply but have increased biological
activity and more rapid nutrient cycling.
Some trees grow in-between rocks. Their roots help to break up rocks into
particles that form soil.
Plants grow in the soil. They drop their leaves, including dead ones, on the
ground. When rain falls, the leaves decay to form soil. Plants also die and
decay to form soil.
Earthworms and other animals tunnel through and mix the soil. They aerate
the soil and allow water to penetrate more deeply. Humans also influence soil
formation.
WEEK 4
Processes of Soil Formation
Soil formation occurs more quickly through the action of water, wind, man
and animals.
1.Ploughing: Man clears the vegetation on the land. He leaves some to decay
on the ground to form soil. He puts some in the soil in the form of manure. All
these decay to form soil.
4. Movement of rocks: Man carries rock pieces in Lorries and tippers from one
place to another, where they are deposited to form soil.
3. Compost making: Man cuts some plants and uses them to make compost. He
spreads the compost on his farm where it mixes with other particles to form
soil.
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