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Third Term Home Economics Lesson Note for JSS2

ACCESS ALL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

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JSS2 Third term Home Economics E-Note

Ø BOY/GIRL RELATIONSHIP

Ø MARRIAGE

Ø PREGNANCY

Ø PREPARATION FOR CHILD BIRTH

Ø BABY’S LAYETTE

Ø CHILD DEVELOPMENT

Ø CHILD CARE

Ø IMMUNISATION

Ø FAMILY BUDGET

Week 1

Topic: BOY/GIRL RELATIONSHIP

Contents:

Methods of Developing Boy/Girl Relationship

Guidelines for Healthy and Wholesome Boy/Girl Relationship

Problems Associated with Unhealthy Boy/Girl Relationship

Courtship

A. BOY/GIRL RELATIONSHIP

A Relationship is the way in which two or more people or things are connected, or the state of being connected, close association between two or more people. A boy/girl relationship usually starts when a boy and a girl meet and they develop an attraction or a feeling of likeness towards each other. It comes before courtship. In some cases, the relationship between a boy and a girl in a school may not lead to courtship.

B. METHODS OF DEVELOPING BOY/GIRL RELATIONSHIP

There are certain ways by which boy/girl relationship develops in the school.

Participating in sports and games
Joining school clubs e.g boy scout and girl guides, debating society e.t.c
Becoming members and taking part in religious organization activities
Participating in community development projects
Taking part in school leadership activities such as school prefects, class prefects e.t.c

C. GUIDELINES FOR HEALTHY AND WHOLESOME BOY/GIRL RELATIONSHIP

Adolescents should choose friends who have good characters
They should seek their parent’s approval of their friends
They should bring their friends home and introduce them to their parents
They should feel free to discuss their problems with parents
They should choose friends who have common interests with them
Friends should be free to visit each other’s home
Parents should discuss freely with children at all times

D. PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH UNHEALTHY BOY/GIRL RELATIONSHIP

Unhealthy sexual relationship before marriage
Sexual Transmitted Infections or diseases like HIV/AIDS, Gonorrhea, Syphilis e.t.c
Teenage pregnancy
Dropping out of school
Lack of self discipline and respect
Anti-social behavior such as stealing, smoking e.t.c
Abortion and death

E. COURTSHIP

Courtship is a process of relationship which leads to marriage. Courtship period is the time during which the young man and woman intending to marry get to know each other. At this period they get to know each other better.

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURE OR ACTIVITIES INVOLVED WITH COURTSHIP

The intending partners find out more about each other e.g their like and dislike
They determines how well suited they are to go into a lasting union
They find out how each is accepted in the other’s family
They learn about each other’s family customs and traditions way of life
They find out the extent to which they really love and care for each other
They discuss their future plans

Assessment.

What is a Relationship?
Mention 5 problems associated with boy/girl relationship.
Mention how we can develop boy/girl relationship.
Mention 5 activities involved with courtship.

Week 2

Topic: MARRIAGE

Contents:

Factors to Consider when Choosing a Life Partner

Marriage Systems in Nigeria

Why People Marry

A. INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS MARRIAGE?

Marriage is the union of a man and a woman as husband and wife. Marriage is a legally or formally recognized union of a man and a woman as partners in a relationship. Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognized union or legal contract between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between them, between them and their children, and between them and their in-laws, as well as society in general

B. FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING A PARTNER

Age
Background
Economic security
Character
Health
Love
Compatibility
Parental consent
Blood group

C. MARRIAGE SYSTEMS IN NIGERIA

Nigeria is made up of different ethnic group. Each ethnic group often has its own marriage system

Traditional or Customary Marriage: This is a marriage entered into according to native law and customs. It differs from one area to another in Nigeria. Thus, there are traditional marriage customs for the Igbos, Hausas, Yorubas, Edos, Effiks e.t.c. Traditional marriage can be either monogamy or polygamy. It is common practice for people to perform the traditional marriage rites first before the other forms such as the church marriage or court marriage.
Marriage under Ordinance or Court marriage: It is contracted in the court before a court registrar.

Features of Court Marriage

It does not allow either of the couples to enter into a second marriage, unless at the death or official divorce of the other partner
It is provided by the government
It is a monogamous form of marriage
A marriage ordinance certificate is given to the couple who marry this way

3. Church marriage: It is conducted in a church according to the holy bible by a Pastor. Christians perform church marriage. It is a monogamous form of marriage, where a man marries only one wife. Many community recognize this type of marriage as wedding.

4. Muslim or Islamic marriage: This type of marriage takes place in a mosque or the house of the parents of the woman. It is carried out according to the instructions in the Holy quran and Hadith. In this form of marriage, the man is allowed to marriage many wives. It is polygamous, however, he should not live with more than four wives at a time and the woman are to be treated equally. This marriage is conducted by an Imam.

5. Other forms of marriage

Gift marriage: A girl may be given out for marriage by her parents as a sort of gift even without her consent. In this case, there will be no courtship or bride price.
Widow Inheritance marriage: This is a marriage where a male kinsman such as the son of a dead man of very close relatives marries his dead father’s or brother’s wife. He becomes the legal husband and the children belongs to him.
Ghost marriage: This is a system of marriage where the younger brother of a dead husband to be is expected to marry and have children in the dead man’s name. Both the wife and children belong to the dead man.

C. WHY PEOPLE MARRY

For companionship
Desire to overcome loneliness
Desire to have children
To satisfy parents wish for their children to get married
Desire to become economically secure
Fear of remaining single
Opportunity to gain social stakes
Desire for freedom from parents
For protection

Assessment.

What is marriage?
What are the factors to consider when choosing a partner?
List the different types of marriage system in Nigeria.
Why do people marry?

Week 3

Topic: PREGNANCY

Contents:

What is Pregnancy?

Stages of Pregnancy

Caring for a Pregnant Woman

A. WHAT IS PREGNANCY?

Pregnancy is the result of the fertilization of the female ovum or egg by the male cell or sperm. Pregnancy is also the period from conception to birth. After the egg is fertilized by a sperm and then implanted in the liningof the uterus, it develops into the placenta and embryo, and later into a foetus. Pregnancy usually lasts 40weeks, beginning from the first day of the woman’s last menstrual period, and is divided into three trimesters,each lasting three months. Pregnancy is that state or condition when a female carries a foetus in her womb for about nine months.

A foetus is an unborn baby. The male sex cell is called Sperm. The female sex cell is called Ovum or Egg. It is produced in the ovary. The process of producing an ovum by the ovary is called Ovulation. If there is a sexual relationship or intercourse between a man and woman at the period the ovum is produced, the sperm will fertilize the ovum, this will result in pregnancy. If there is no sexual relationship during this period, the released ovum will die off in a day or two, then menstruation occurs.

SIGNS OF PREGNANCY

Menstruation stops
Breasts become fuller and tender. Nipple become dark
Nausea and vomiting may occur, especially in the morning (morning sickness)
There may be frequent urination
The abdomen enlarges from about 3 months
As the pregnancy advances, the mother may feel the baby’s movement.

B. STAGES OF PREGNANCY DEVELOPMENT

Pregnancy goes through three stages. Each stage takes 3 months. These stages are referred to as Trimesters.

First Trimester: This is the first three months of pregnancy. This is a very delicate period because if anything happens to the foetus at this stage, it can lead to abortion or miscarriage. The placenta forms to provide the foetus through the umbilical cord.

Second Trimester: This is the pregnancy period between 3 and 6 months. This stage is more stable than the first trimester.

Third Trimester: This is the pregnancy period from 6 to 9 months. It requires adequate nourishment for growth. At the end of this trimester, the mother enters into labor and the child is born.

C. CARING FOR A PREGNANT WOMAN

In the caring for a pregnant woman, the following aspects must be considered.

Nutrition during pregnancy
Hygiene
Posture
Exercise
Special dresses

I. GUIDELINES FOR GOOD NUTRITION DURING PREGNANCY

Her meals must be balanced
She should increase her intake of protein, mineral, iron for blood, calcium for bones
Extra vitamins are necessary for good health
She is required to drink enough water daily
Roughage from fruits and vegetables can improve digestion and bowel movement
Carbohydrates and greasy food should be reduced to prevent over-weight and digestive up-sets.

II. POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF POOR NUTRITION DURING PREGNANCY

Low birth weight
Different forms of malformation in the child
Mother’s health might be affected too

III. ANTE-NATAL CARE

Ante-natal care is the care required by a pregnant woman before the birth of the child. The pregnant woman visits the hospital regularly to see doctors for check-up. Many tests are carried out such as urine test, blood pressure, weight, blood tests, height of uterus and heart beat of the foetus. At the clinic, the woman also learns about child care and how to care for herself.

Assessment.

What is Pregnancy?
What is Ovulation?
Explain the Stages of Pregnancy.
What is Ante-natal care?
List 5 signs of pregnancy.

Week 4

Topic: PREPARATION FOR CHILD BIRTH

Contents:

How To Prepare For Child Birth

Arrival of the Baby

Post-natal Care

A. How To Prepare For Child Birth

It is very important that a pregnant or expectant mother prepares for the delivery well in advance. The following are the important things that are required by the mother:

For the Mother:

Sanitary pads
Personal clothing
Toiletries
Bed linen
Disinfectant

For the Baby:

Clothes
Baby Diapers
Towels
Toiletries
Baby’s comb
Shawl
Baby’s feeding units and food

B. Arrival of the Baby

Arrival of the baby is the stage in pregnancy where the baby is about to be born, that is, the end of the third trimester. It is generally called Delivery.

SIGNS OF LABOR

Signs of labor are the indicators that the baby is ready to arrive. These include the following:

There is strong movement at intervals in the stomach and pain in the waist of the woman. This is called Contraction.
There is an appearance of little blood and mucus
There is fluid from the vagina
These signs of labor are followed by delivery.

C. Post-Natal care

Post natal care is the care required by a mother and the child after child-birth. There are some minor problems that may occur to the mother after birth. Such as: