agric Primary 4 First Term Lesson Note

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WEEK TOPICS

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1. Revisionof some topics in year three’s work

2. The land and the soil

– The meaning of land and soil

(i). Clay soil

(ii). Loamy soil

(iii). Sandy soil

3. Characteristics of types of soil

i. Sandy soil

– Has large, loosely packed particles

– Does not hold water

– Rough when it bis rubbed between the fingers

– Does not hold many nutrient

– Crops do not grow well on sandy soil

ii. Clay soil

– Has small and loosely packed particles

– Smooth when dry and sticky when wet

– Can hold a lot of nutrients

– Does not allow air and water through it

– It holds water very well

– Most crops do not grow on it.

4. Formation of soil

Soil formation

(i). Different types

(ii). How they are formed

5. Properties of Soil: Physical properties Lagos State Ministry of Education Schemes of work for Primary School

 

6. How to enrich the soil and maintain soil fertility:

Causes of loss in soil fertility

(i). Burning

(ii). Leaching

(iii). Overgrazing

(iv). Cleaning

(v). Clearing

(vi). Erosion etc.

7. Ways of making soil fertile/ How to maintain soil

Fertility

(i). Manuring

(ii). Mulching

(iii). Crop rotation

(iv). Bush fallowing etc.

8. Preparation of compost/manure

(a). Meaning of compost/manure

(b). Method of compost making

1. Pit method

2. Heap method

(c). Materials for compost making

– Dried flowers

– Sewage

– Farmyard waster

– Dry leaves

– Saw dust (use a little)

– House plants

– Weeds without seeds

– Soil

– Water

9. Processes involved in making compost.

– Pit method

i. Dig four pit (a, b, c, & d) of equal sizes Lagos State Ministry of Education Schemes of work for Primary School

 

(Mx) M X O. 5m

(ii). Empty the compost into pit a. arrange

in layers and wet with water

(iii). After two weeks, move the content in pit

A to pit B. this is called first turn.

(iv). After two weeks, move the content in pit

B to pit C. (second turn)

(v). Finally, move the content in pit C to pit

D. (third)

(vi). The content in pit D is referred to as

compost/manure after 6 – 8 weeks.

Cover to prevent evaporation before

applying to the soil.

– Heap method

Prepared by placing the compost

Materials in a heap buried with soil and

Moistened with water

10. Why farm produce should be processed

– meaning

– Importance of food processing

i. For better usage

ii. Removes poisonous agent

iii. Ready for eating directly or indirectly

iv. Improve food and market values

v. Prepares food for storage

vi. To get different varieties of food stuffs from

the same farm produce.

vii. Provides employment oppourtunities for

people

viii. It makes easier transportation of processed

farm produce easier since it required less

space.

11. Preservation of farm produce

– Meaning of preservation of farm produce Lagos State Ministry of Education Schemes of work for Primary School

 

– Importance of preservation

i. Retains the colour, taste and nutritional

values

ii. Prolongs life

iii. Makes the available in areas where they

are not produced.

iv. It helps in protecting farm produce

from insects and other pest attack.

v. Makes farm produce remain good and

viable for planting in the next season.

vi. Prevents possible contaminated and

infection from unpreserved food items.

vii. It saves money (buying at cheap price

when in season).

12-13 Revision and Examination

 

 

WEEK 2

TOPIC: THE LAND AND THE SOIL

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

At the end of this lesson, Pupils should be able know:

The Meaning of land and soil

The Types of soil

Characteristics of Types of Soil

The Component of soil

Entry Behavior: Pupils are familiar with he topic

REFERENCE MATERIALS

Universal Basic Education Curriculum.

NERDC Basic Education Curriculum for Primary Schools.

Unified Schemes of Work Primary Schools four Agricultural Science (MIDDLE BASIC)

Internet.

Lagos State Agricultural Science Scheme of Work

Agricultural Science for Primary Schools

CONTENT

         SOIL

 Soil is the Material in the top layer of the surface of the earth in which plants can grow.

 

TYPES OF SOIL

Soil is divided into three part namely:

Sandy soil;

Clay soil;

Loamy soil.

 SANDY SOIL

Sandy soil is a loose material made up of tiny particles. These tiny particles consist of grains of rock (clay or mud). Sandy soil is not good for growing crops because it does not contain decayed animal and plants materials that should enrich the soil

       CLAY SOIL

Clay soil is a very fine-grained, smooth soil that can be moulded when wet (moist) and hard when the water in it dries up.

   LOAMY SOIL

Loamy soil is a rich soil consisting of a mixture of sand and clay and decaying organic materials (dead plants and animals). It is the best soil for crops growing and can hold enough water.

Characteristics of Types of Soil

CHARACTERISTICS OF SANDY SOIL

It does not contain many nutrients.

It contains loose material of tiny particles

Growth of crops is very poor. 

It can’t not hold water.

It is rough when touched with hand.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CLAY SOIL

It is a very fine-grained soil.

It is smooth

It can be used for mounding when wet.

It is hard when the water in it dries up.

Growths of crops are poor on it.

It can hold water.

It has small and closely packed particles.

It can hold a lot of nutrients.

It does not allow air and water through it.

CHARACTERISTICS OF LOAMY SOIL

It is a rich soil.

It contains mixture of sand and clay.

It is the best soil for crops growing.

It can hold enough water

It is rich with nutrients

It is rich with minerals.

COMPONENT OF SOIL

Soil is made up of the following components:

Mineral matters or inorganic matters (45%)

Organic matter (5%)

Soil water (25%)

Soil air (25%)

Living organisms (insignificance)

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURE

The Teacher revises the previous lesson.

The Teacher introduces the topic.

The Teacher explains the lessons.

LEARNERS ACTIVITIES

Learners participate in the class discussion

Learners practice how to identify soil

EVALUATIVE ACTIVITIES

Define soil.

Mention Types of soil.

Mention three Characteristics of each Types of Soil.

CONCLUSION: the teacher summarizes the lesson.

 

 

WEEK 3

TOPIC: CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPES OF SOIL

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

At the end of this lesson, Pupils should be able know:

The Characteristics of Types of Soil

REFERENCE MATERIALS

Universal Basic Education Curriculum.

NERDC Basic Education Curriculum for Primary Schools.

Unified Schemes of Work Primary Schools four Agricultural Science (MIDDLE BASIC)

Internet.

Lagos State Agricultural Science Scheme of Work

 Agricultural Science for Primary Schools.

CONTENT

CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPES OF SOIL

CHARACTERISTICS OF SANDY SOIL

It does not contain many nutrients.

It contains loose material of tiny particles

Growth of crops is very poor. 

It can’t not hold water.

It is rough when touched with hand.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CLAY SOIL

It is very fine-grained soil.

It is smooth

It can be used for mounding when wet.

It is hard when the water in it dries up.

Growths of crops are poor on it.

It can hold water.

It has small and closely packed particles.

It can hold a lot of nutrients.

It does not allow air and water through it.

CHARACTERISTICS OF LOAMY SOIL

It is a rich soil.

It contains mixture of sand and clay.

It is the best soil for crops growing.

It can hold enough water

It is rich with nutrients

It is rich with minerals.

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURE

The Teacher revises the previous lesson.

The Teacher introduces the topic.

The Teacher explains the lessons.

LEARNERS ACTIVITIES

Learners participate in the class discussion

Learners practice how to identify soil

EVALUATIVE ACTIVITIES

Mention three Characteristics of each Types of Soil.

CONCLUSION: the teacher summarizes the lesson.

 

 

WEEK 4

TOPIC: FORMATION OF SOIL

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

At the end of this lesson, Pupils should be able to know:

The Agents of soil formation.

How soil is formed

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR/ PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: Pupils are familiar with the characteristics of types of soil.

REFERENCE MATERIALS

Universal Basic Education Curriculum.

NERDC Basic Education Curriculum for Primary Schools.

Unified Schemes of Work Primary Schools four Agricultural Science (MIDDLE BASIC)

Internet.

Lagos State Agricultural Science Scheme of Work

 Agricultural Science for Primary Schools.

CONTENT

           FORMATION OF SOIL

Soil formation show us how soil is formed. Soil is formed when rocks break down into smaller particles. It can also be called Weathering. This happens as a result of the following Agents.

Agents of soil formation

The agent of soil formation is:

Rain

Temperature

Wind

Man

Animals

Plants

              RAIN

When rain falls, it touches the rocks which tears out tiny pieces of rocks. The water from the rain will wash these pieces of rock to form soil

  TEMPERATURE

High temperature makes rock to expand, crack and break down into small pieces. It is cause by hot sun or heat

     WIND

When heavy wind blows, it will blow away small pieces of rocks from the large ones which creates more room for loose rock to fall which later turn to soil.

     MAN

Man help in soil formation when he/she make use of some farm tools like hoe on rocky areas, he try to break the little rocks or stones which later turn to soil. Man splitting firewood on the rock or breaking objects on the rock leads to soil formation.

    ANIMALS

When huge animal like cattle’s, elephant walk on a rocky place, it breaks the rock into smaller pieces thereby forming soil. Also when animal dies their body decays and mixed with the soil.

        PLANT

As plant keeps growing, the root of the plants keep expanding and getting strong on the ground. Like the root of trees breaks down rock particle during expansion and growth. Also when plants die their body decays and mixed with the soil.

THE PROCESS OF SOIL FORMATION

The decomposition and dissolution of rocks through weathering and with the help of soil organisms like earthworm. Bacteria, fungi, protozoa and the help of chemical substances in the soil bring about soil formation

INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURE

The Teacher revises the previous lesson (CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPES OF SOIL).

The Teacher introduces the topic (SOIL FORMATION).

The Teacher explains the lessons.

LEARNERS ACTIVITIES

Learners participate in the class discussion

Learners observe some rock samples

EVALUATIVE ACTIVITIES

Mention three agent of Soil formation.

How is soil formed?

CONCLUSION: the teacher summarizes the lesson.

 

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